Finishing Chapter 6

Chapter 6 had started off talking a lot about the Irish immigrants. How there life was, what they did to better it, what were the differences, and where most of them lived and the household jobs they had. What made an Irish immigrant. Chapter six later goes into many details about German immigrants, comparing them to Irish and along with a religious group the Jews. The German Jews were differ from the Germans. I really found comparing and contrasting the both of them to be interesting, honestly I had thought they would have a lot more similarities, but they did not. The chapter went into account of mentioning interesting facts about the Irish, Germans, certain religions such as Jews, Protestants,  and Scandinavians. One interesting fact about the scandinavians were how they came to the states. What caused them to come and what advantages they had coming.

Tenement Museum

I checked out the website of the Tenement Museum (New York) website that Dr. Fitzgerald was talking about it class today and all I have to say is very significant to see what really the immigrants that had came several years ago! I clicked on the History tab and it directed me to artifacts, pictures, some oral histories, and even a report card from the 1860's! From years 1800's-some of 1900's what was there and what was not. 
The pictures of the museum seem so real it looks like something that is still in existence. We are fortunate to see such displays of what America's Immigrants lifestyle was thousands of years ago and compare and contrast a little to our decade today. Wish to visit this famous building one time in my lifetime.
=]

 http://www.nypi.net/new-york-lower-east-side-tenement-museum/

Chapter 6

Chapter six has a lot of interesting information about Irish immigrants. What I found very interesting was the population of Irish American immigrants and how much the cities were growing rapidly. I found Working Irish American Women workers the most interesting part of the chapter. "Irish American women workers were overwhelmingly concentrated in domestic service, laundry work and in the least well paying jobs in New England's textile industry" (Daniels 143). The chapter also talks about Germans. On page 150 there was an argument that had upraised about women immigrants. "Women were housewives or otherwise employed at home, they were less likely to learn English and become acculturated as quickly as immigrant men" (Daniels 150). This obviously demonstrates this is a myth it is not true that women can not learn English, obviously if you keep a women in the house with children and household duties  and abandon them from going out what else do you get, right?! but in the same way there were some women that broke out of the shell and became successful! it takes a matter of time for women to adjust, learn a language, dress appropriately, and adopt to the attitude. 

Sex Slave Documentary

Hey Guys! I was taking a break from studying and I found this short clip documentary
 "Red-light" about sex slaves eye opening. Just thought of this since the other day in class we were talking about sex slaves, servitude, and victims of trafficking.

-Click on the short clip 


-There are also links on the bottom you guys can check out and one of the links directs you to the "Red-light" homepage where you can stay informed and find out more info about this Organization.

http://stephanietyrna.theworldrace.org/?filename=redlight-a-child-sex-slave-documentary

Coming to America- Chapters 4&5

Chapter 4 starts of introducing about the immigration to America's colonies and of non-English European that people came in during the late seventeenth or eighteenth century. The chapter of Germans included immigrants of Protestant, Catholic, and Jewish. The German migration had experienced a lot more better working and living conditions. Later the Scottish had came into role. The Scottish lowlands settled during the seventieth century. They concentrated more on the economic conditions of the Ulster emigration. Just like the Germans the Scottish people were immigrants and the servants were skilled craftsmen. The chapter also talks about the Scots, Irish, and Welsh colonies. The Welsh didn't have as much people that came to America during the colonial period. They did have languages tho such as Celtic language, Cymraeg and Welth. This could have been a benefit for the different dialects that people speak to better understand what is being said. The Welsh Quaker settlement was short lived. During this time most English and german people were settling around the same area in Pennsylvania. James Lemon had estimated "there were perhaps ten thousand persons of Welsh birth or ancestry living in Southeastern Pennsylvania" (Daniels 87).  

Later the Dutch, French, and Spanish had come into the colonial powers the seventeenth century was known to be the "Dutch Golden Age" the dignity of dutch people was more found in this time. The Dutch had self confidence, prosperity, and overseas expansions. Most of the dutch that had came during this period either spoke Dutch or a low form of German linguistic form. The two smaller groups that were here during the period were the "Flemings" they were Belgians who spoke Dutch.  

The French were smaller than one hundred thousand people that had came to the US. in 1790 they had came from sources with different histories. French groups were not as large> They had brought there religion to the states. The reading states "The crucial migration to Louisiana, in cultural terms was the migration there of French-speaking refugees which is now called Novia Scotia which they had called Acadia" (Daniels 91).  I found this to be an interesting point, Each group called themselves something different, what they thought themselves to be. The reading also states the Acadians were not sent to Louisiana until 1762. The "Cajuns" had a remarkable love for reading and writing, not only did they learn it, but also had a influence for education. 

Spanish immigration is associated with the first Europeans and where they were first founded was in Florida in 1565. Most of the Spaniards had came to America during the sixteenth and seventeenth century they were the soldiers, and priests that had came through the expedition. "Tejano's were the minority group that had called the country "theres" I found it interesting how the US census actually showed Spanish Mexican origin and took into case that there are people of this distinctive group. The chapter also goes into talking about the Sweds and Jews and what there role was in the colonies. Jews had been a surviving country along with a thriving one. It takes into account that they had synagogues in five cities including: New York, Newport, Savannah, Philadelphia and Charleston. The Jewish community was local and the merchants of the communicated did there business together.  I found this chapter interesting because it takes into account of the different colonies that had came to America during the different time periods. The graphs make us better understand the linguistic in US during 1790. 

Chapter 5 The important question that chapter 5 asks us is "what is an American?". When I hear or see this question I automatically think to myself that an American is either someone who was born in the U.S. or is a citizen of the U.S. shows a sense of pride and dedication to there country in a positive manner. The British North Americans were of English descent. I found it interesting how the English culture took into account of the English law of the predominance of English and later the British economic society. The British had tries to overrule there powers within many different countries. Sometimes if they didn't get there ways it lead to death and murder scary if you ask me. The main part of the chapter that I enjoyed reading was the "Race Relations" it mostly talked about the agricultural techniques and how Indians survived during the time. Most of the indians during this time were enslaved. There were diseases that had came into play as well, such as smallpox and epidemics. Chapter five also mentions the Nationalism of Americans, standards, and immigrants and the constitution. 

Chapter 4 Questions

While reading chapter 4 Other Europeans in Colonial America I came up with a few questions that would make our minds ponder.


1. By the end of the American Revolution, what percent of Catholics were represented? 


2. What were the three different sources of French that had came to the Unites States in 1790? 


3. During the years of Spanish migration, what did Fray Junipero Serra find? 


4. What did the Jewish contribute to there community during the colonial period?

Chapter 2/3 Coming to America.

Chapter two goes into the English Immigrants in our country America including Virginia, Maryland, and New England. There was a lot of interesting information in relation to the demographics, different immigrants coming from one state to another, economic and social historians, migration, and some history of dates and people that were involved. The section that grasped my attention was the "Indentured Immigrants". 

"Some people had came to America with $8.00 in there pockets" (said by a fellow class mate in our class) made a strong point. My parents always sit with both my sister and I and tell us how poor they were when both of them had came to the U.S from India. Both were married at a very young age, my mother had me when she was eighteen, and barely had a stable job. Lived in an apartment and had enough to buy a really old fashion Nissan Sentra that too which had a broken roof, so when it had rained my papa would have to put a big black garbage bag, so the water wouldn't come inside the water and damage the interior. 

The reading implied that coming to America was expensive and how most immigrants were forced to come here for economic circumstances or labor. As we all know coming to one country from another country is a difficult thing. You are not familiar with the language, what certain things mean, and most importantly no money, so how do you survive? The reading goes more in o detain about explaining about the servants that came to Virginia. The differences and struggles that each of the different immigrant groups had gone through during the time was different, but then again makes me think about the struggles that most people go through when they first come new to a country. 
Chapter three goes more into detail with African Slave trade we have to think about how the whites and blacks were treated and how there class showed what they knew and what they didn't know. Slave trade is known to be a business that gained profit over time. Slaves existed everywhere throughout North America and Canada. "Slave trade was one of the major means when bringing immigrants to the New World" (Daniels 54). I was very surprised to see the amount of slaves that had came over centuries. It was also sad to read about the difficulties they had encountered such as kidnapping and how they were sold. The reading also states "87% of all slaves brought to the US had came in the years 1701 to 1810 and 13% had came after the slave trade"(Daniels 63) huge number when thinking about how much had came between those years and how many more came when slave trade was coming to an end. I really liked alot of information in chapter 3 because it bought more emphasis on explaining about African Americans during the slave trade. There was a quote that I noted in my reading.

"As was and would be true with other immigrant groups, the emergence of native born Afro-American majority created a new kind of person. By the time of American Revolution most blacks were more America, then African"...  (Daniels 64). Shows a sense of pride, but then again the color of skin separates you from most of what people perceive us today. 

Chapter 1- Coming to America.

Chapter one had a lot of interesting information a lot of which I have learned a lot in other history classes, but this chapter gives more emphasis on European Migration, talks about pre era of Christopher Columbus,religions, Vikings, Portuguese, and certain laws of migration. There were some new information that I want to remember for the future and think about its relevance to our lives today and how we percieve things. Through out the reading I had bared the questions in mind that Professor Andrews and Fitzgerald had told us to pay attention to.

 There were many important views of colonziation and history that the Maritime Europeans started to take on their own and in the west to the Atlantic. Each country was in the process of becoming colonized and Vikings which means "men of viks" wanted to colonize "our" very known North America. The chapter goes into talking about the European navigation in the west during the yeas of 1419... they had found a new group known as the "Maderia, which was off the coast of North Africa. There is a graph on page 16 where it talks about the European population from 1600-2000 it shows a large amount of population that drastically increased from the nine years and how there was a percentage increase then the declining which had fell below the average. 

The part of the reading that I enjoyed the most was The Laws of Migration. It's the questions that we ask ourselves and the author also points out. "The first holds that most immigrants? I mean we have many myths and who knows what the truth is. In my perspective I honestly think most people that came to the US or any state in general were seeking some type of advantage and liberty for themselves and there families. 

Migration has its own economic causes and its conditions like the reading saws and we can easily draw, right?! What can we call a form of migration? why did people go back during the drastic 1930's Great depression? This is where a notion by Ravenstien draws some straight conclusions. The reading had stated that there was a notion about "progress" that affects different volumes of migration. In my own opinion I believe migrating from one country to the other is a positive thing. Many people migrate to a certain country make their lives better, call there families, start buying business, large lands, and work for there money to support themselves. Like I mentioned above. It's a positive way to make your life better and migrating from one country to the other has its advantages. 

The immigrants that the chapter mentions most about were the Europeans and how they had immigrated. Some stats: "In 1860 at least 84% of the foreign born were British. In 1920 two national groups were a little over a quarter 15.6 were British and 12.1 percent German" (Daniels 25). WOW! if you ask me these are huge numbers, some of what I didn't list on here, but the reading does a good job in showing us how many Europeans had been around for the years. 

BELOW I found a very informative youtube video that has to do with the US and European perspectives on Immigration.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PhN_nqhk9iU 

Race/Ethnic Issues

I found this article about race and ethnic policy really interesting =) feel free to check it out guys!!

http://www.newsbatch.com/race.htm

Mains'l Haul Prehistory.

Reading the short essay gave a lot of interesting information about certain objects that the Native American people contributed to the way they lived. When we think about how certain objects and how places came to the world, we just tend to think "oh the people that were here first came up with it, so why should I bother with what the history behind it, right"?! WRONG! we shouldn't just take things for granted like most people do, but try to explore what something that has came to the world and made a difference in peoples lives mean! The reading has alot of interesting facts about what the archaeological background of the maritime history of the pacific is, what deeper histories  are affiliated with it, and how the pacific was the scene of some very interesting migrations. 

In an island in Southeast Asia about 750,000-800,000 years ago there were tons of seafaring in the pacific, by the Homo Sapiens. There is tons of information about Pleistocene seafaring that we see in many regions of the world. They came about in the bigger water barriers such as Eastern Asia, Austrailia, New Guinea, and Melanesia. Im not quite sure, but is the pleistocene seafaring go through the islands itself or the countries and its surroundings? They had a route indeed that they had to follow, but did this require groups of men, how exactly did this term come about?

Coastal Migration theory has been found in the Pacific Coast of the Americas. This has been around for about 14,000 years? that is what the reading was trying to imply, but didn't quite make sense to me. I am still a little confused about what exactly the term Pleistocene is...After reading the Polynesians in the Pacific, the migrations had reached from seas, and had longer voyages. When reading this part of the essay it mentions about the oceanic migration and how people in the Islands closest to the Indian and Pacific ocean are more of an area that had gone through the process. 

Later in the reading, he talks about Watercraft technology. "Watercraft must maintain buoycany and stability"(Haul). The watercraft was made in a very interesting way, as we can tell by in the picture, it had displacements of water, wind drif, and the ability to cut through waves! Reminds me of a canoe for say! Native American culture respected the construction of this object well. Other words of the boat in todays day is known as Umiak and Kayak.

 I think these canoes were very useful to the Indians in such a way of transporting themselves from one side to the other along with the objects. What ever they had to get done. Whether it was bark canoes which consisted of wood cutting and stripping trees and making holes to keep it together, dugout canoes which had to do with axes and adzes for the heavy woods, or plank canoes which used wedges for the splitting of the wood, chisels, and abrahers. the tools that went into making the watercraft, it shows how it was made and how it end up being prehistory. 

Native--American--Indians

    I find it so interesting when reading a script or taking into account of understand something and relate to our history today can draw similarities and differences from years back. Scholars make myths and are known to make stories which we can easily draw information from. As historians history also shows how events have evolved over time. Native American history has all types of evidence to prove who they were, why they were here, what they do, what they ate, what they did, and all the W's that have to associate with them. When reading the short script from Chapter 1 shows how we should better understand the indigenous people and how to draw relationships to them. "The indigenous people are known to have external, environmental, and cultural influences" (Martin). There were many advancements that the Native American people had brought to the plate. There was a flute and spears that were invented which I thought was very interesting because flutes are a very significant type of instrment in some countries and religions it has a very important meaning of who and how they are playing it. Paloe-Indians had been around from 12,000 to 6,000 B.C. had brought more inventions and it was very interesting to see how they also adapted  to the way of living. There have been many phases when the Americans look at history in general. The reading goes into the different phases such as Native American History phase which is known as the Paleo-Indian phase, the Archaic Phase, Post archaic phase, and European phase. The Archaic phase had consisted from ca. 6,000 to 500 B.C. The East and West had alot to offer as well. The population which were in greater numbers and central villages. The variety of Indian responses to the Europeans have been around for centuries. 500 B.C. to A.D. 1500 was known to have ways of employing demographic and environmental influences. 

       Very facsicnating to know that the "Hopii" people were there for a cause as well. 

There were many advantages of agriculture, due to the population increase. Much more shift into the production of development such as hunting with the bow and arrow was the most efficient activity when it came to hunt, that is what most of the Native American's had used. There was a section in the reading where family had came to role with the Native American's and how they had a session where they did traditional-carved roles and activities where everyone contributed and did there share. Reminds me of when I go up to the Sikh Temple and help the kids with outside activities, we work with similar outside like objects then take time to explain what the activity had consisted of. Mostly they would say something like why they did the carving or drawing they did and what it symbolizes to them. 

        Indians have a sense of holding land, tribal meanings, sources, and money. We have to remember that the Native Indians have established themselves to what we perceive to be our world and land today. The land and its attraction tie families together. Very surprising to see how British North America that was once known became the USA! "Empire for liberty" as the reading shows us. We should take into account that our country was just not produced to be the United States of America, but what people where here before us. What ethnic background did they come from, and what history can we draw from the experiences, hard work, and dedication surely! As some might view the world as "Amerindians" I see it as the land of free and respect on the grounds we live on.

The America's: Chapter 1/2

        I found it highly interesting how much information chapter one of the America's gives a lot of information about how the "America's" started. How people came, what species they have manifested, and what can be drawn from certain crops around the world. The America's had started in the North and most people from the world had came from "Old World" where Asia joins. Who knew, right?! Our world is made up by migrations. It has been said individuals have came from Africa. We are known to be species that have lived for thousands of years. People are known to have been deprived from the hemisphere, each person shares there own distinctive cultural diversity. Many people have came in different times. When it came to land, Asia and America had the most accessible land for over a period "many sixty thousand years" (Hernandez-Armesto 24). During the 1970's many basketwork and fine knapped tools had came to Pennsylvania. There were tools that were being used and manufactured during this time. "In Southern Chile they introduced a twenty-foot-long wood built, hide covered dwelling with a big mastodon butchery and tool manufacture"(Hernandez-Armesto 24 ). With all the tools coming into hand, showed a dramatic change and how people can now work with real tools and equipments other than using there bare hands. As we know American history did begin in the north, there were colonizations where they compared people who stayed in the north were thinking about taking steps into civilization. Such as producing food rather than hunting for it. Food has brought a sense of worship and nurture for the "divine" foods. Without the help from humans in order for the food to help survive and breed it would not have been possible. With all this coming into hand we also have to think about the negatives such as what natural disasters can bring to crops. Reminds me of when my dad had planted a whole bunch of tomatoes in our backyard. He would be in the backyard for hours just digging the right place, soiling it down, and watering it two times a day. about four ears ago, the weather was not the greatest since it was always raining and the poor area where worked had came all into a disastrous mess due to a huge storm. In the example it had talked about the El Nino event that had caused the environments to go down hill.

    Another important development that had came about was Maize. Maize had spread from the south and north and became very useful to the native staples in Peru. During the third century Maize had spread, but didn't begin to change the country until later of the end of ninth century when new developed varieties were becoming more accessible. It is known to be the Maize was a blessing, since it was helpful when it came to keeping strong bones and teeth. There's always the pros and cons in something, right!

Chapter 2- America's First Normalcy

 The Mayas were urban people. The standard life of living in the urban areas were that it was not the greatest. Most things if they had to happened took place in the cities due to the buildings an houses, the fact that they displayed a different sense of attraction. The Mayan writing and sculpting was a big deal during this era. They would draw and write such things on stones in fancy writing, most of what was encoded. Many of the literature writing system was more kept in hand. They were codes that were caried from Mexico and deserts and mountains and this is called the United States now. Numbers and literature was kept as codes not that easy to master and know the secrets behind. The Mayans did a good job in keeping it decoded from others. There was in fact other people that also had there own systems which were good for there own goods. American civilizations had picture writings, glyphs, and other elements that were good for data and performing a certain ritual.